PFTsExpiration solid · inspiration dashedSynthetic illustration
Dry crackles and small lungs
coreA 63-year-old with two years of progressive dyspnea and fine end-inspiratory crackles at both bases.
Pulmonary function
FEV11.90L68% pred
FVC2.20L61% pred
FEV1/FVC86%
TLC58% pred
RV62% pred
DLCO41% pred
Interpretation here uses the common teaching thresholds (0.70 ratio, 80% predicted); formal reports use lower limits of normal.
Flow-volume loop